December 10, 2006

You can skip this book note, unless...

....you happen to be a history/religion nerd like me, in which case you might find Jesus and the Eyewitnesses by Richard Bauckham totally thrilling. You really don't even need to be interested in early Christianity to enjoy learning a lot of stuff about how things were done in the ancient world. That, for instance, Greek and Roman historians thought that the highest expression of their craft was to be what we would call oral historians, artfully arranging the testimony of those who had seen what happened....or even better, what they had seen with their own eyes. And how they would often heap scorn on historians who only used written records!

But if you know a little about how scholars have long viewed the evolution of the Gospels and early Christian writings, then this book will be an eye-opener. Bauckham points out that, while all the specific conclusions of Form Criticism have been discredited, we are still totally stuck in the form critic's general schema that the Gospels percolated up like folk-tales or "collective memory" out of communities of early Christians, and were shaped by the various needs of those groups. Groups who were not really much interested in recounting what actually happened.

I won't try to summarize the author's arguments, but he makes a convincing case that, in fact, eyewitnesses were treasured as repositories of the facts of Jesus' life, and that the four Gospels were either written by eyewitnesses, or taken directly from their stories. And also that certain eyewitnesses were not named in Mark, which was written first, but were mentioned by name in the later books, because they were still alive when Mark wrote, and could be put in danger. Such as Bartimaeus, or a certain chap who cut off another feller's ear.

Personally I just love delving into the mucky details of how things work, and what happens behind the scenes. What makes it all tick. I would love this kinda stuff even if I were an atheist...

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Posted by John Weidner at December 10, 2006 04:53 PM | TrackBack
Comments

Dean Esmay has been getting into arguments over at his site with some of the sola scriptura crowd, trying to convince them that the oral tradition is a long-held practice of both Christianity and Judaism. (Dean is a former atheist-turned-deist who is apparently leaning towards Roman Catholicism.)

It's entertaining, in a roadside accident sort of way. I keep reading because sometimes it takes an outsider to point out things that you've never noticed, like the long oral tradition superceding the written. I knew they were both iportant, but I didn't realize how strange the sola scriptura crowd is from a historical perspective. (It doesn't help that I'm hyper-literate, as in I read hyperactively.)

Posted by: B. Durbin at December 10, 2006 10:29 PM

I haven't followed the discussion at Dean's at all. To me sola scriptura is too obviously wrong to argue about. But that is very interesting about Dean himself! (He goes on my list.) He's a heck of a nice guy, and set me and others up with MT blogs just to be helpful and free us from Blogger.

There's nothng like writing--daily--about your ideas to make you think them through...

One thing that Bauckhman points out is that the Rabbis of the time, who put great store in memorization and oral transmission, considered keeping notebooks to be quite compatable with the process...

Posted by: John Weidner at December 11, 2006 06:28 AM

Oddly: when I studied Theology at Davis, I was taught about the oral tradition. Of course, all that we know of the original (and origen-al) tradition is what's been written down...

Posted by: Andrew Cory at December 11, 2006 12:08 PM

The Catholic church would disagree with you, Andrew...the two Pillars of the Faith are Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture - with the former pre-dating the latter. And Sacred Tradition still informs the Catholic worldview. For instance, the teaching on purgatory or on Mary's Immaculate Conception - those were always known and understood to be true, despite not appearing in scripture. The church believes we know these things to be true, even though they were not written down. Same thing with the form of the mass, with much of sacramentology, with the economy of salvation, with pretty much all theology...

Though maybe I'm misreading you - that these things are, in fact, written down today...if so, retract my post with my apologies!

Posted by: Ethan Hahn at December 11, 2006 12:33 PM

I think what Andrew meant is that it is somewhat paradoxical that we only know of oral tradition through things written down.

Actually Christianity is still in a large part oral, in that we get much of what we learn from conversation, lectures, sermons, etc. Cor ad cor loquitur. The oral parts are intricately interwoven with the written parts, so much so that one could hardly say which is which. But the spoken word is still vital.

Posted by: John Weidner at December 11, 2006 02:23 PM

Bauckham writes 'It also highlights the apostle Matthew by adding the description ‘taxcollector’ to his name in the list and by transferring to Matthew the story of the call of a taxcollector that Mark tells of Levi.'

So the evangelist took another story and lied and said it was about Matthew?

And where does Bauckham produce evidence that if Mark had named Lazarus, Lazarus life would have been in danger?

And why does Matthew suppress the story of the disciples visting the empty tomb?

Posted by: Steven Carr at December 16, 2006 11:12 AM

"evidence that if Mark had named Lazarus..." It's not a matter of evidence, none is available. It's just a plausible explanation. It makes sense if Lazarus was prominent among the early Christians in Jeruslem, to not mention his name in writing. All the Christians would know who was being referred to, but Lazarus would be less likely to get into trouble.

Posted by: John Weidner at December 16, 2006 03:43 PM

"by transferring to Matthew the story of the call of a tax collector that Mark tells of Levi.'"

Bauckham has some speculations on this matter, but no firm conclusions (see p.108). Possibly they were both tax collectors, and Matthew was slotted in where he seemed to fit...

Posted by: John Weidner at December 16, 2006 06:27 PM
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